Developments have moved from strict conditio sine qua non theory over the foreseeability test to a less stringent causation test requiring only the "reasonable imputation" of damage.
Developments have moved from strict conditio sine qua non theory over the foreseeability test to a less stringent causation test requiring only the "reasonable imputation" of damage.
Developments have moved from strict conditio sine qua non theory over the foreseeability test to a less stringent causation test requiring only the "reasonable imputation" of damage.
The Panel finds that the ownership, loss and causation test has been met regarding the materials giving rise to damage to or loss of professional standing or opportunity.
小组认为就造成损害或专业地位或机会损失的材料而言均能经得起所有权、损失和因果关系的检验。
If a claim or a loss element in a claim fails to meet this causation test, the Panel recommends no compensation for that claim or loss element.
In addition to satisfying the ownership, loss and causation test applicable to all aspects of a claim involving intangible property, a claimant must also establish the relationship between the lost or destroyed property and the loss of professional standing or opportunity, taking account of the claimant's professional qualifications.
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