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potential difference application

Traducere "potential difference application" în chineză

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电位差时

Thus, under potential difference application, light which is emitted from the light source 20 and propagates through the light modulation layer 34 propagates while exhibiting a difference between the extraordinary refractive index of the microparticle 34B and the ordinary refractive index of the bulk 34A, or a difference between the ordinary refractive index of the microparticle 34B and the extraordinary refractive index of the bulk 34A in cycles of average streaky texture size in a short-axis direction of the streaky structure of the bulk 34A

因此，有电位差时，从光源20发出，通过光调制层34传输的光在体积34A的条纹构造的短轴方向的平均条纹纹理尺寸循环中传输的同时在微粒34B的非寻常折射率与体积34A的寻常折射率之间具有差别，或在微粒34B的寻常折射率与体积34A的非寻常折射率之间具有差别。

In this case, ordinary refractive indices of the bulk 64A and the microparticle 64B are preferably equal to each other, and extraordinary refractive indices of the bulk 64A and the microparticle 64B are preferably equal to each other In this case, for example, under no potential difference application, as illustrated in FIG 41A, there is little difference in refractive index in all directions including the front direction and the oblique direction, and high transparency is obtained Therefore, for example, as illustrated in FIG 42C, the light L1 toward the front direction and the light L2 toward the oblique direction pass through the light modulation layer 64 without being scattered in the light modulation layer 64

这种情况下，所述体积64A和微粒64B的寻常折射率优选互相相等，体积64A和微粒64B的非寻常折射率优选互相相等。这种情况下，例如，在不施加电位差时，如图41A所示，所有方向，包括正面方向和倾斜方向的折射率存在轻微差别，因此获得了较高透明性。因此，例如，如图42C所示，朝向正面方向的光L1和朝向倾斜方向的光L2经过光调制层64时光调制层64不对其进行散射。

For example, as illustrated in FIGs 17A and 17B, the bulk 34A and the microparticle 34B are structured to allow the direction of an optical axis AX1 of the bulk 34A and the direction of an optical axis AX2 of the microparticle 34B to coincide with (are parallel to) each other under no potential difference application It is to be noted that the optical axes AX1 and AX2 each indicate a line parallel to a travel direction of a light beam allowing a refractive index to have one value irrespective of polarization direction Moreover, it is not necessary for the directions of the optical axis AX1 and the optical axis AX2 to consistently coincide with each other, and the directions of the optical axis AX1 and the optical axis AX2 may be slightly deviated from each other due to, for example, a manufacturing error

例如，如图17A和17B所示，所述体积34A和微粒34B的结构可使体积34A的光轴AX1的方向和微粒34B的光轴AX2的方向在无电位差时互相重合（平行）。应注意的是，光轴AX1和AX2均代表与光束的传输方向平行的线，使折射率的值与偏振方向无关。另外，光轴AX1和光轴AX2的方向不需要始终互相重合，由于（例如）制造失误，光轴AX1和光轴AX2的方向可能轻微互相偏离。

The liquid crystal material in the composite layer is aligned in random directions under no potential difference application, and thus exhibits the scattering property, but on the other hand, under potential difference application, the liquid crystal material is aligned in an electric field direction; therefore, in the case where the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index of the polymer material are equal to each other, the liquid crystal material exhibits high transparency in the front direction (in a direction of a normal to the PDLC)

所述复合层中的液晶材料在无电位差时以随机方向取向，因此表现出散射特性，但另一方面，在有电位差时，液晶材料在电场方向取向；因此，在液晶材料的寻常折射率与聚合物材料的折射率互相相等的情况下，液晶材料在正面方向（PDLC的法线方向）表现出较高透明性。

In this case, under no potential difference application, the long-axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules in the microparticles 64B are parallel to the optical axis AX3 At this time, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the microparticles 64B are parallel to the light incident surface 10A of the light guide plate 10, and intersect with the normals to the transparent substrates 31 and 37 at the slight angle 3 In other words, under no potential difference application, the liquid crystal molecules in the microparticles 64B are aligned to be tilted at the angle 3 in a plane parallel to the light incident surface 10A of the light guide plate 10 The angle 3 is called a pretilt angle, and is, for example, preferably within a range of 01 to 30 both inclusive

这种情况下，在不施加电位差时，微粒64B中的液晶分子的长轴方向与光轴AX3平行。这时，微粒64B中的液晶分子的长轴与导光板10的光入射面10A平行，并以轻微角度3与透明衬底31和37的法线相交。换句话说，在不施加电位差时，微粒64B中的液晶分子在与导光板10的光入射面10A平行的平面内以角度3倾斜排列。

FIG 42A schematically illustrates an example of an alignment state in the microparticles 64B under potential difference application It is to be noted that, in FIG 42A, an alignment state in the bulk 64A is not illustrated FIG 42B illustrates an example of refractive index ellipsoids exhibiting refractive index anisotropy of the bulk 64A and the microparticle 64B under potential difference application FIG 42C schematically illustrates an example of a state where the light L1 toward the front direction and the light L2 toward the oblique direction are scattered by the light modulation layer 64 under potential difference application

图42A图解显示了施加电位差时微粒64B的取向状态的一个示例。应注意的是，在图42A中，没有显示体积64A的取向状态。图42B图解了施加电位差时的表示体积64A与微粒64B的折射率各向异性的折射率椭球的一个示例。图42C图解显示了在施加电位差时朝向正面方向的光L1和朝向倾斜方向的光L2由光调制层64进行散射的状态的一个示例。

FIG 18B illustrates an example of refractive index ellipsoids exhibiting refractive index anisotropy of the bulk 34A and the microparticle 34B under potential difference application FIG 18C schematically illustrates an example of a state where the light L1 toward the front direction and the light L2 toward the oblique direction are scattered by the light modulation layer 34 in the case where a potential difference is applied between the lower electrode 32 and the upper electrode 36

图18B图解了有电位差时的表示体积34A与微粒34B的折射率各向异性的折射率椭球的一个示例。图18C图解显示了朝向正面方向的光L1和朝向倾斜方向的光L2在下电极32与上电极36之间施加了电位差的情况下由光调制层34进行散射的状态的一个示例。

For example, in the case where the optical axis AX3 of the bulk 64A and the optical axes AX4 of the microparticles 64B are disposed perpendicular to the light incident surface 10A of the light guide plate 10 under no potential difference application, and when a potential difference is applied between the lower electrode 32 and the upper electrode 36, the liquid crystal material included in the microparticles 64B falls in a plane perpendicular to the light incident surface 10A, as in the above-described case, light vibrating perpendicularly with respect to the transparent substrate 31 exhibits a difference between the ordinary refractive index of the microparticle 64B and the extraordinary refractive index of the bulk 64A, but light vibrating in a direction parallel to the transparent substrate 31 exhibits a difference between the ordinary refractive index of the microparticle 64B and the ordinary refractive index of the bulk 64A

例如，体积64A的光轴AX3与微粒64B的光轴AX4在不施加电位差时与导光板10的光入射面10A垂直布置的情况下，并在下电极32与上电极36之间施加了电位差时，微粒64B中包含的液晶材料降落到与光入射面10A垂直的平面内，与上述情况相同，与透明衬底31垂直振动的光在微粒64B的寻常折射率与体积64A的非寻常折射率之间具有差别，而与透明衬底31平行振动的光在微粒64B的寻常折射率与体积64A的寻常折射率之间具有差别。

On the other hand, under potential difference application, the optical axis AX2 is preferably displaced in a predetermined direction by an influence of an electric field generated by a potential difference applied to the lower electrode 32 and the upper electrode 36 For example, as illustrated in FIGs 4 and 87, under potential difference application, the optical axis AX2 preferably intersects with or is preferably orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the transparent substrate 31 In other words, the optical axis AX2 is preferably displaced in a direction where an angle between the optical axis AX2 and the normal to the transparent substrate 31 is reduced by potential difference application to the lower electrode 32 and the upper electrode 36 At this time, the optical axis AX2 intersects with or is orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the optical axis AX1, and preferably intersects with or is preferably orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the transparent substrate 31

另一方面，施加电位差时，所述光轴AX2在施加给下电极32和上电极36的电位差产生的电场的影响下优选处于预定方向。例如，如图4和87所示，施加电位差时，所述光轴AX2优选与透明衬底31相交或正交（或基本正交）。换句话说，所述光轴AX2优选处于光轴AX2与透明衬底31的法线之间的角度由于给下电极32与上电极36施加电位差而减小的方向。此时，所述光轴AX2与光轴AX1相交或正交（或基本正交），并优选与透明衬底31相交或正交（或基本正交）。

FIG 17B illustrates an example of refractive index ellipsoids exhibiting refractive index anisotropy of the bulk 34A and the microparticle 34B under no potential difference application The refractive index ellipsoid is a tensor ellipsoid representing a refractive index of linearly polarized light incident from various directions, and when a section of an ellipsoid from a light incident direction is observed, the refractive index is allowed to be geometrically learned FIG 17C schematically illustrates an example of a state where light L1 toward a front direction and light L2 toward an oblique direction pass through the light modulation layer 34 under no potential difference application

图17B图解了无电位差时的表示体积34A与微粒34B的折射率各向异性的折射率椭球的一个示例。所述折射率椭球为表示从各个方向入射的线性偏振光的折射率的张量椭球，从光入射方向观察到椭球的一部分时，折射率可以几何方式获得。图17C图解显示了朝向正面方向的光L1和朝向倾斜方向的光L2在无电位差时经过光调制层34的状态的一个示例。

In the above-described embodiment, the optical axes AX1 and AX2 are directed in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the light incident surface 10A and the transparent substrate 31 under no potential difference application, and the optical axis AX2 is displaced to a direction intersecting with or orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the transparent substrate 31 under potential difference application However, the optical axes AX1 and AX2 may be directed in a direction intersecting with or orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the light incident surface 10A as well as in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the transparent substrate 31 under no potential difference application, and the optical axis AX2 may be displaced to a direction intersecting with or orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) to the transparent substrate 31 under potential difference application

在上述实施例中，无电位差时，所述光轴AX1和AX2处于与光入射面10A和透明衬底31平行或基本平行的方向，有电位差时，光轴AX2处于与透明衬底31相交或正交（或基本正交）的方向。但是，无电位差时，光轴AX1和AX2可处于与光入射面10A相交或正交（或基本正交）的方向，以及与透明衬底31平行或基本平行的方向，有电位差时，光轴AX2可处于与透明衬底31相交或正交（或基本正交）的方向。

Moreover, under potential difference application, the optical axis AX1 may be oriented in the same or substantially the same direction as that under no potential difference application Under potential difference application, the optical axis AX1 mainly has an optical-axis component in a direction parallel to the transmission axis AX10 of the polarizing plate 210B, and, for example, as illustrated in FIG 88, the optical axis AX1 may be oriented in a direction parallel to the transmission axis AX10 Under potential difference application, the optical axis AX1 is parallel or substantially parallel to, for example, the optical axis AX5 of the light source 20, and may be parallel or substantially parallel to the transparent substrate 31

另外，如上所述，施加电位差时，所述光轴AX1可处于与不施加电位差时相同的方向或基本相同的方向。在施加电位差时，所述光轴AX1的光轴分量主要处于与起偏振光片210B的传输轴AX10平行的方向，例如，如图88所示，所述光轴AX1可处于与传输轴AX10平行的方向。在施加电位差时，所述光轴AX1与（例如）光源20的光轴AX5平行或基本平行，并可与透明衬底31平行或基本平行。

FIG 41A schematically illustrates an example of an alignment state in the microparticles 64B under no potential difference application It is to be noted that, in FIG 41A, an alignment state in the bulk 64A is not illustrated FIG 41B illustrates an example of refractive index ellipsoids exhibiting refractive index anisotropy of the bulk 64A and the microparticle 64B under no potential difference application FIG 41C schematically illustrates an example of a state where light L1 toward a front direction and light L2 toward an oblique direction pass through the light modulation layer 64 under no potential difference application

图41A图解显示了不施加电位差时微粒64B的取向状态的一个示例。应注意的是，在图41A中，没有显示体积64A的取向状态。图41B图解了不施加电位差时的表示体积64A与微粒64B的折射率各向异性的折射率椭球的一个示例。图41C图解显示了朝向正面方向的光L1和朝向倾斜方向的光L2在不施加电位差时经过光调制层64的状态的一个示例。