The outer shell electron configuration of donor N-type Phosphorus, Silicon (for reference), and acceptor P-type Boron. (b) N-type donor impurity creates free electron (c) P-type acceptor impurity creates the hole, a positive charge carrier.
(а) электронная конфигурация Внешняя оболочка доноров N-типа фосфора, кремния (для справки), и акцепторных P-типа бором. (б) донорной примесью N-типа создает свободный акцептором электронов примеси (с) P-типа создает отверстие, положительный носитель заряда.
Alte rezultate
In the case of a single outer-shell electron, only those transitions are possible for which the azimuthal quantum number l increases or decreases by 1; the selection rule has the form Δ/ = ± 1.
В случае одного внешнего электрона возможны лишь переходы, для которых азимутальное квантовое число l увеличивается или уменьшается на 1; правило отбора имеет вид: Dl = ±1.
Atomic spectra arise owing to transitions between energy levels of outer-shell electrons of an atom and are observed in the visible, ultraviolet, and near infrared regions.
Атомные спектры возникают при переходах между уровнями энергии внешних электронов атома и наблюдаются в видимой, ультрафиолетовой и близкой инфракрасной областях.
The vacant inner-shell orbit is then quickly filled by an outer-shell electron, producing a characteristic X-ray photon.
Spectra of atoms with two or more outer-shell electrons are significantly more complex because of interactions of the electrons.
Outer-shell electrons then fall into the inner shell, emitting quantized photons with an energy level equivalent to the energy difference between the higher and lower states.
Most commonly, a collision first causes a tightly bound inner-shell electron to be ejected from the atom; a loosely bound outer-shell electron then falls into the inner shell to fill the vacancy.
The five outer shell electrons screen the nuclear charge quite poorly, with the result that the effective nuclear charge felt at the covalent radius distance is relatively high.
Пять электронов внешних оболочек слабо экранируют заряд, в результате чего эффективный ядерный заряд ощущается на расстоянии ковалентного радиуса.
The two electrons from oxygen's outer shell are shared with two electrons from both hydrogens as they bond together, and the remaining four outer shell electrons from oxygen form two pairs.
The described conditions for the presence of electrons in the atom lead to the changes in the chemical properties of atoms (they are determined by the outer shell electrons) in the periodic table of chemical elements.
Simply start at titanium, which has four outer-shell electrons, and move six elements to the right, because atomic oxygen possesses six outer-shell electrons.
The systematics of spectra of atoms with two or more outer-shell electrons are based on the approximate characteristics of isolated electrons through the use of the quantum numbers n and l, taking into account the interactions of these electrons with each other.
Систематика спектров атомов с двумя либо более внешними электронами основана на приближённой характеристике отдельных электронов при помощи квантовых чисел n и l (см. Атом) с учётом сотрудничества этих электронов между собой.
Atoms often complete their outer shells by sharing electrons with other atoms.