While CMR applies to any person who undertakes to carry goods by road irrespective of a consignment note having been issued or not, CIM in its 1980 version now in force only applies to contracts of carriage entered into by railways, covered by a through consignment note
This trend should be reversed through use of consignment notes; greater efforts should be made to adopt and/or implement a common consignment note in Asia/Europe as well as Africa and Latin America.
Article 28 With respect to the transshipped goods with through bill of lading or consignment note which are needed to be reloaded onto another means of transportation inside the territory and are to be exported, the carrier or his agent shall, after the consigner has gone through the formalities of customs declaration for export at the customs at the place of consignment, go through the formalities of transiting the goods between customs offices in a batch process as required by the manifest of cargo listing the outward means of transport.
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