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wrongdoing state
Translation of "wrongdoing state" in Chinese
The application and impact of economic sanctions as countermeasures is inevitably dependent on the economic and political status of the injured and wrongdoing State.
作为反措施进行的经济制裁的实施和影响必然取决于受害国和不法行为国的经济和政治地位。
Similarly, the wrongful act may illustrate what kind of measure might be effective to bring the wrongdoing State into compliance with its obligations.
同样，不法行为可以说明何种措施为有效，可促使不法行为国遵守其义务。
According to the first approach, the use of local remedies provided the wrongdoing State with the opportunity to remedy what appeared to be a breach of an international obligation.
按照第一种方式，用尽当地补救办法使得违法国有机会对似乎违背某项义务的行为进行补救。
It might be that the injured State could call on the wrongdoing State for cessation of the wrongful act, but others could not.
一种情况是，受害国也许可以要求违法国停止不法行为，但是其他国家办不到。
Why should the prospect of a multiplicity of claims by shareholders against a wrongdoing State create an atmosphere of confusion and insecurity in international economic relations?
为何股东有可能对不法行为国提出繁多的索赔要求会在国际经济关系中造成混淆和不安全的气氛？
In that context, the draft articles prohibited recourse to extreme measures of coercion aimed at undermining the territorial integrity and political independence of the wrongdoing State.
在这方面，条款草案禁止采取旨在破坏不法行为国领土完整和政治独立的极端性强制措施。
However, her delegation regretted the absence of an explicit reference to the need to protect third parties from any adverse effects of countermeasures taken against a wrongdoing State.
然而，爱尔兰代表团对没有明确提及需要保护第三方不受对一不法行为国采取的反措施的任何有害影响感到遗憾。
Restitution in kind has long been an important remedy in international law and plays a singular role in the cases where a wrongdoing State has illegally seized territory or historically or culturally valuable property.
恢复原状一直是国际法中的一项重要补救办法，在不法行为国非法强占领土或历史上或文化上珍贵财产的案件中起着特有作用。
International law generally permits countermeasures in order to bring about the compliance of a wrongdoing State with its international obligations.
国际法普遍允许反措施，以使不法行为国履行其国际义务。
Moral damages, as draft article 45 implies, are part of the wrongdoing State's obligation to provide full reparation.
如第45条草案所意味的，精神损害赔偿是不法行为国提供充分赔偿的义务的一部分。
Draft article 44 states the long-established principle reflected in customary international law and innumerable bilateral and multilateral agreements that a wrongdoing State must provide compensation to the extent that restitution in integrum is not provided.
第44条草案阐明了反映在习惯国际法和无数的双边和多边协定内的一项确立已久原则：不法行为国如不恢复原状则必须提供补偿。
Article 58, paragraph 2, favours the wrongdoing State unduly and should be reconsidered, in particular, for its effect on countermeasures.
第58条第2款对不法行为国过份有利，应特别就其对反措施的影响重新进行审议。
Naturally, the content of the wrongdoing State's responsibility will be the same only where there has been material or moral damage.
自然，只有在造成物质或道义损害的情况下，不法行为国的责任内容才会与有关情况相应。
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